Fundamentals of geometrical optics

Course
- Introduction
- Optical Paths
  - Introduction
  - Minimum or maximum
  - Homogeneous mediums
  - The Reversibility of Light
  - Differential of the optical path
  - Length alteration of a rectilinear path by means of displacement of its extremities
  - Refraction laws
- Optical systems
- Dioptres
- Mirrors
- Centered optical systems
- Association of systems
- Lenses
- Afocal systems, magnification
- Diaphragms, lenses and fields
Case study : Calculating the optical characteristics of a two-lens system
Exercices

Length alteration of a rectilinear path by means of displacement of its extremities

Figure 04 [zoom...]

The length l = AB can be expressed by the modulus of vector :

(scalar product)

is the unitary vector in the direction of AB. For small displacements of A and B denoted and , we get :

Then

If the index of the medium is n and L = nAB the optical path (AB), the variation of the optical path dL is :

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