Basic principles of image sensors
Linear matrices
The simplest arrangement is the linear matrix or a simple row of detectors (photodiodes or photogates).
Linear matrices are used for applications in which either the camera or the object moves in a direction perpendicular to the alignment of the sensors. They are used when a strict control is imposed on the movement as for example in the case of a document scanner.
The CCD shift register is placed right next to each detector. The register is also sensitive to light and is covered, or shielded, by a metallic opaque screen. The total size of the pixel is limited by the size of the gate. The resolution is inversely proportional to the distance between each detector (pixel pitch).